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The Evolution Site The concept of natural selection as the basis of evolution is the central force in modern biology. It connects disciplines like microbiology, palaeontology, and genetics. The study of evolution may be controversial, and the misinformation that results can lead to confusion over its basic concepts. This site explains the fundamental concepts. What is Evolution? The current understanding of evolution is based on the gradual change that occurs within populations over time. These changes are the results of natural selection. This is a process which increases the number organisms with beneficial traits, which help them to thrive and reproduce in specific environments. In turn, these organisms have more offspring than those who don't have these beneficial characteristics. This could lead to a genetic mutation that could eventually lead to new species. The term “evolution” is often associated with “survival-of-the most fittest” which implies that people who are more adaptable to specific environmental conditions will have a distinct advantage over those who are less well-adapted. In reality it is only one of many ways in which evolution can occur. Another way to use the term “evolution” is to suggest that a species can change from one state to the next. This kind of view can be described as anagenetic, or cladogenesis. The definition of evolution that scientists have developed does not support this view. Instead, the theory of evolution that is scientifically based is based on the changes that happen within populations over time and these changes are caused by mutations that produce genomic variation and natural selection. Charles Darwin was one of the scientists who backed this theory. Alfred Russel Wallace who developed the macroevolution theory believed this was the only way that higher forms of living could have evolved. A theory must stand up to rigorous tests and evidence in order to be considered a theory. Evolution has stood the test of time, and has been proven to be valid in countless scientific disciplines from geology to biology the sciences of astronomy to chemistry. Evolution is a cornerstone of science and is supported by a majority of scientists around the globe. However, many people have misconceptions about the nature of the theory of evolution, particularly the relationship it has with religion. What is the Theory of Evolution? Evolution is an explanation for how living things change with time. It is based on a few well-established facts: that many more offspring are produced than can be surviving as individuals differ in their physical characteristics, and that they can transmit traits to the next generation. These observations are backed by the increasing body of evidence from molecular biology, palaeontology, climatology, functional morphology and geology. The theory of evolution through natural selection was conceived independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century to provide an explanation for how organisms adapt to their biological and physical environments. It is now the best-supported and most extensively tested theory in the field of science. Its predictions were proven by the evidence that, for instance, more complex organisms are less susceptible to genetic mutations. The more successful an organism becomes in terms of its longevity and reproducing the more likely it will pass its genes on to future generations. Some people object to evolution because they believe that it implies that there is no meaning to life. However, a lot of scientists who are also religious like the famous Cambridge palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris, believe that evolution is not just compatible with faith in God but is enhanced by it (BioLogos 2014). In fact, a large number of highly skilled evolutionary biologists, including a few who are respected evangelical Christian leaders are involved in the creation and testing of the theory of evolution. Many of these researchers have contributed to the understanding of a vast range of phenomena, including phylogenetics and genomics, and the development and purpose of fossils. The term “theory” is sometimes used to refer to an assumption or speculation however it actually is a scientific hypothesis that has been rigorously developed and tested over time. 에볼루션 룰렛 test their theories by repeating the experiment or observations that led to them. Therefore, the theory of evolution has been repeatedly tested out as have the corresponding theories of Copernican, germ and atomic theory. What is the Process of Evolution? The process of evolution is the gradual change over time in the ratio of genetically distinct individuals within a certain species. This is the result of natural selection of individuals that are more adapted to their environment. The individuals who are more adaptable have a greater chance of survival and reproduction. As more of these individuals survive and reproduce, their genes become more common in the general population. This process is sometimes referred to as “survival for the fittest.” According to the theory of evolution the mutations that cause genomic variation are what triggers evolutionary change. These mutations can occur at random or under the influence of the environment. If mutations occur in a random manner and occur in a random manner, the frequency of the allele can vary from generation-to-generation. If a mutation is beneficial it will increase the allele frequency which causes the allele to be spread across the population. As time passes, these changes in allele frequencies can result in the creation of new species. The new species can then grow and evolve into newer forms. This process is called macroevolution. The creation of new species is often a result of changes in the environment, which makes certain resources available or creates new environmental issues. For instance, the development of finches in the Galapagos Islands is a result of the availability of various food sources and the need protect themselves from predators. In a larger sense it is any change that occurs in the nature of organisms over the course of time. This change can be subtle, such as the development of a new color or a dramatic change, such as the development of an organ. Scientists who accept evolution theory generally believe that genetic change is important in the process of generating evolution. They also agree that the process of evolution happens over a lengthy period of time, often millions of years. However, they differ on the importance of different factors in speeding or slowing the process, including the role of environmental pressures, sexual selection, and mutation bias. Despite these differences most scientists are still convinced that evolution is real and the evidence to prove it is overwhelming. What is the Evidence of Evolution? Since Darwin's time, scientists have collected evidence to support his theory of evolution. The evidence comes from fossils which show the evolution of organisms over time. Similarities between living organisms as well as embryology, biogeography, and genetics are evidence. The primary evidence of evolution can be found in the evolutionary tree, which demonstrates how species are related. Homologous structures are another evidence. They share a common structure but perform different functions in different species, for instance, the wing of a bat or bird. Evolution is also evident in the fact that different species adapt and develop to similar environments. For instance, arctic foxes and ptarmigans have white fur coats that blend into snow and ice. 에볼루션 게이밍 is a form of convergent evolution that suggests that the species had common ancestors. Another evidence point is vestigial structures, which are unused organs which could have served a purpose in the distant ancestor. For example the human appendix may be remnants of an earlier organ that was used to digest food. These structures tend to shrink in size as they are no longer utilized in a process called natural selection. Scientists have also gathered evidence for evolution by observing and testing. The evidence for evolution is divided into six categories: directly observable small-scale changes, biogeographic patterns and comparative anatomy, the fossil record, genetics, and classification. Each of these categories offers compelling evidence for the evolution of life. While many people are misinformed about the theory of evolution, it is an established fact. It isn't only a theory, it is a potent collection of decades of observation and accumulated data that has been proven and tested. Whatever people believe or don't believe about the theory of evolution scientists continue to research and discover new information to better know the story of life on Earth. This information will aid scientists to understand how to avoid future global catastrophes and how to best utilize our planet's resources. This information will also allow us to better meet the needs and desires of the people living on our planet.